ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
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ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɲɬɚɦɩɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [10].
ȼ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ [10] ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ
ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɝɢɛɤɨɣ
ɧɟɪɚɫɬɹɠɢɦɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚ-
ɱɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɨɛɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɡ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [10], ɩɨɥɟ ɜɨɥ-
ɧɵ Ɋɷɥɟɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢ-
ɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɤɚɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ; ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɹɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ ɜ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɟɥɚɯ [11].
Ⱥɫɢɦɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ɋɷɥɟɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɣ
ɩɨɥɭɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɫɢɦɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟ-
ɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ɋɷɥɟɹ [3]. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɭɩɪɭɝɭɸ ɩɨɥɭɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ
, 0
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ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢ-
ɧɚɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ,
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ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ
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ɭɩɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ Ʌɚɦɟ;
1/ 2 2
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ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɨ-
ɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɷɥɟɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ).
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ɋɷɥɟɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4], ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɹ-
ɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ
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(4)