ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
118
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ [12].
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɲɬɚɦɩɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɦɩɚ,
ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [10]. ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ
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xy y
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(14)
ɉɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚ-
ɥɚ
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:
2
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2
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2
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w
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(15)
ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛ-
ɳɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɨɛɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟ-
ɳɟɧɢɹ, ɬ. ɟ.
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y
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U x t
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(16)
ɂɫɤɨɦɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɞɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɧ-
ɝɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
1
0,
,
Q x S

ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ — ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
1
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P x S
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ
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ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸ-
ɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
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ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɨɛɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ (16) ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɭɦɦɵ