The main fields of application of non-lethal weapons (NLW) are given; the NLW main characteristics and features are shown. Typical NLW application scenarios for using NLW in the police and military operations as well as in counter-terrorism operations are considered. Key characteristics common for different-type operations, which determine the need for NLW application, are marked out. Comparative data on the use of different types of NLW in Russia and abroad are presented.