ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
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ɱɢɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ
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ɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ.
Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
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